File-sharing, also known as "peer-to-peer" technology, allows users to search for and copy files from other users' computers. The most common use of this technology is to swap digital music files, or MP3s.

These programs can be downloaded free from the Internet, and allow users to access other computers directly, without having to go through a central server, as in Napster's case.

File-sharing programs offer many benefits to kids. Kids become part of a global music community and get exposed to all kinds of music; and they can decide what music they like before purchasing an entire CD.

However, adults should be aware of several issues related to file-sharing programs:

• Many of these programs allow access to pornographic images and videos. Filters designed to block pornography are generally ineffective at stopping porn files reached through file-sharing programs.
  
  
• Some of the most popular file-sharing programs come bundled with additional software known as "scumware," or "thiefware." Once installed on your computer, this software automatically creates its own links on Web pages that send users to advertising sites--or in some cases even pornography sites.
  
  
• Music with explicit lyrics, that would carry a Parent Advisory label in a store, is freely available to anyone through file-sharing, regardless of age.
  
  
• Many peer-to-peer programs offer access to chat rooms, where kids can talk with strangers.
  
  
• Any programs that allow users to swap files (other than MP3s) can make your computer vulnerable to viruses.
  
  
• Users of file-sharing programs are technically violating the law when they swap copyright-protected music.

Safety guidelines for file-sharing

Know what file-sharing programs your kids use, and what kind of files they download
As with most technology, kids are way ahead of parents in this area! Have them show you which program they use, and what they like to download. Most file-sharing programs let you choose what kind of files to search for, so make sure that your kids only look for music files (MP3s) and not video or image files. (To find out what files have been downloaded to your computer, see Tracking where kids have been on the Internet.)

Be aware that most parental filters don't work with file-sharing programs
Find out if the filter you use allows you to block files downloaded through file-sharing—unfortunately, many parental filters don't. Some file-sharing programs have their own built-in filtering systems. Check to see if the program your kid uses can be configured to block adult material. Experiment with different types of file-sharing software to see which offers the most protection.

Make sure your child's file-sharing program doesn't allow access to chat rooms
Many popular programs now include instant messaging and chat services along with the file-sharing function. Choose a program that doesn't offer these services, or one that allows you to disable them.

Look out for the "scumware" bundled with some file-sharing programs
Some file-sharing programs, such as KaZaA and iMesh, include software known as scumware, which can take over your Web browser and automatically add links to other people's Web pages. These links send users to advertising sites, or even pornography sites. (If you see yellow or green links on Web pages, you know you have scumware on your computer.)

Protect your computer
The types of viruses spread through file-sharing programs require computer users to download the virus and activate it manually. Teach your kids never to open a downloaded file with a "vbs" extension—which means the program is written in "Visual Basic" programming language. To be safe, if you don't recognize the extension of a file, don't open it! And use basic virus protection: install anti-virus software on your computer, plus a firewall. As well, set up your file-sharing program carefully so other user can only access certain specified files on your computer.

Discuss copyright issue with your kids
Get your kids thinking about the copyright issues raised by file-sharing. Ask them:

• Is it ethical to download copyrighted music for free?
  
  
• What about the artists who created the work - should they be compensated?
  
  
• Could the fact that CD sales in the U.S. reached an all-time high in 2000 mean that file-sharing actually generates music sales—rather than robbing artists of profits?

Use the resources on the right sidebar to learn how to reduce the risks associated with file-sharing.